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Material Density Tables To Help Estimate Earthwork Volumes
VOLUME
Calculating appropriate volumes is critical to accuracy. In-bank soil, loose soil that has been excavated and fill soil that has been compacted, have different volumes and resulting load factors.
Definitions:
Bank Cubic Yards (BCY)/Bank Cubic Meters (BCM): Material as it lies in its natural bank state.
Loose Cubic Yards (LCY)/Loose Cubic Meters (LCM): Material which has been excavated in some way and swelled as a result of the space that now exist between its elements.
Compact Cubic Yards (CCY)/Compact Cubic Meters (CCM): Material which has been compacted and become more dense as a result.
COMMON MATERIALS LOOSE & BANK TABLE
Material description* |
Loose (kg/m3) |
Loose (lb/yd3) |
Bank (kg/m3) |
Bank (lb/yd3) |
Load Factor |
CLAY, NATURAL BED |
1660 |
2800 |
2020 |
3400 |
0.82 |
Clay, Dry |
1480 |
2500 |
1840 |
3100 |
0.81 |
Clay, wet |
1660 |
2800 |
2080 |
3500 |
0.80 |
Clay & gravel, dry |
1420 |
2400 |
1660 |
2800 |
0.85 |
Clay & gravel, wet |
1540 |
2600 |
1840 |
3100 |
0.85 |
EARTH, DRY PACKED |
1510 |
2550 |
1900 |
3200 |
0.80 |
Earth, wet excavated |
1600 |
2700 |
2020 |
3400 |
0.79 |
Earth, Loam |
1250 |
2100 |
1540 |
2600 |
0.81 |
GRAVEL, PITRUN |
1930 |
3250 |
2170 |
3650 |
0.89 |
Gravel, dry |
1510 |
2550 |
1690 |
2850 |
0.89 |
Gravel, dry (1/4 - 2”) |
1690 |
2850 |
1900 |
3200 |
0.89 |
Gravel, wet (1/4 - 2”) |
2020 |
3400 |
2260 |
3800 |
0.89 |
SAND, DRY LOOSE |
1420 |
2400 |
1600 |
2700 |
0.89 |
Sand, damp |
1690 |
2850 |
1900 |
3200 |
0.89 |
Sand, wet |
1840 |
3100 |
2080 |
3500 |
0.89 |
SAND & CLAY, LOOSE |
1600 |
2700 |
2020 |
3400 |
0.79 |
Sand & Clay, compacted |
2400 |
4050 |
|
|
|
Sand & Gravel, dry |
1720 |
2900 |
1930 |
3250 |
0.89 |
Sand & Gravel, wet |
2020 |
3400 |
2230 |
3750 |
0.91 |
CRUSHED STONE |
1600 |
2700 |
2670 |
4500 |
0.60 |
TOP SOIL |
950 |
1600 |
1370 |
2300 |
0.70 |
*Weight of material varies with moisture content, grain size, degreee of compaction, etc. Tests must be made to determine exact material characteristics. Consult your Cat dealer for more information.
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